1.Specifications:
Key Data:
Primary Function
Airborne surveillance and command and control
Crew
21 mission specialists
Flight Crew
2
AWACS Officers
19
AWACS 767 Aircraft Designation
767-27C
Japan Air Self-Defence Force Aircraft Designation
E-767
Armament
None
Dimensions:
Wingspan
47.57m (156ft 1in)
Length
48.51m (159in 2in)
Height
15.85m (52ft)
Radome Diameter
9.1m (30ft)
Radome Height
1.8m (6ft)
Engines:
Powerplant
2 x General Electric CF6-80C2B6fA engines
Thrust
61,500lb
Performance:
Speed
Over 800km/h (500mph)
Service Ceiling
10,360m to 12,222m (34,000ft to 40,100ft)
Endurance
9.25 hours on station at 1,000nm radius
13 hours at 300nm radius
Extended endurance operations possible with air refuelling
Maximum Take-Off Weight
175,000kg (385,000lb)
2.Introductions:
The Boeing 767 AWACS Airborne Warning and Control System has been selected by Japan to carry out airborne surveillance and command and control (C2) operations for tactical and air defence forces. The surveillance system is based on a flexible, multi-mode radar, which enables AWACS to separate maritime and airborne targets from ground and sea clutter radar returns.
Production of the 707 airframe, which has been used since 1977 for the E3 AWACS, ended in May 1991. Following studies of the most suitable follow-on aircraft for the AWACS mission, Boeing announced in December 1991 that it would offer a modified Boeing 767 jet as the platform for the system.
Aircraft No. 1 and No. 2 were delivered to the company’s first customer, the government of Japan, in March 1998. The final two aircraft were delivered in January 1999. All four aircraft entered service with the Japanese Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) in May 2000.
“The Boeing 767 AWACS carries out airborne surveillance and command and control (C2) operations for tactical and air defence forces.”
The aircraft is flown by two pilots rather than four aircrew as on the E3 AWACS. There are 18 AWACS mission crew led by a mission director and a tactical director.
767 AIRFRAME
The wide-body configuration of the 767 offers 50% more floor space and nearly twice the volume of the 707. The basic 767 airplane is manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplane Group in Everett, Washington, and then flown to Boeing Information, Space & Defense Systems facilities in Wichita, Kansas, where the airframe is modified to accommodate the prime mission equipment. All aircraft are returned to the Boeing Seattle facility, where mission equipment and the rotodome are installed.
Major subcontractors include Northrop Grumman, General Electric, Rockwell Collins and Telephonics, which have been involved in the previous Boeing AWACS programs.
RADAR
The antenna systems for primary radar and the Information Friend or Foe (IFF) interrogator are mounted in a 9.1m diameter circular radome above the aircraft fuselage. The primary radar is the AN/APY-2, developed for E3 AWACS by Northrop Grumman in Baltimore. The radar operates at about 10GHz (wavelength about 10cm) in the E/F bands. It scans mechanically in azimuth at six revolutions per minute, and electronically in elevation. In flight, when the radar is not operational, the slip rings and bearings are kept lubricated by rotating the radome at one cycle every four minutes.
“At operating altitude AWACS can detect targets over 320km away.”
The main modes of operation of the radar are: pulse Doppler non-elevation scan; pulse Doppler elevation scan; beyond-the-horizon mode; maritime mode for detection of surface ships; combined operational modes using data interleaving for long-range detection; and passive mode operation in which the transmitters are switched off for radar-silent operations.
The AWACS radar provides a 360° view of the area. At operating altitudes it can detect targets more than 320km away. Targets are separated and individually managed and displayed on situational displays.
In May 2006, Japan requested the Foreign Military Sale of four Radar System Improvement Program (RSIP) kits, as fitted on USAF, UK and NATO E-3 AWACS. Northrop Grumman was awarded the contract for the upgrade in December 2006. The RSIP upgrades the capability against threats from small radar cross section targets, cruise missiles and electronic countermeasures.
The improvement in sensitivity against small and stealthy targets is being achieved through a new surveillance radar computer to replace the digital Doppler processor and radar correlator, and the translation of the associated software into ADA language.
MISSION EQUIPMENT
The main AWACS operations cabin behind the flight deck is laid out in equipment bays for communications, data and signal processing, navigation, and identification equipment. The AWACS officers and operator stations are equipped with Hazeltine command and control consoles fitted with high-resolution colour displays. The main signal and data processing computer, Lockheed Martin CC-2E, has a main storage capacity of over three million words; five times larger than that of the CC-2 computers installed on the E3 AWACS aircraft.
The AWACS mission equipment on the 767 AWACS takes advantage of the combat-proven avionics currently employed on-board operational AWACS aircraft, and is interoperable with the AWACS aircraft currently in service.
“The AWACS radar provides a 360° view of the area.”
The aircraft’s navigation system is based on two LN-100G inertial navigation systems with integrated satellite global positioning systems, supplied by Northrop Grumman (formerly Litton).
ENGINES
The aircraft is powered by two General Electric CF6-80C2B6FA turbofan engines, providing 61,500lb thrust. The more powerful engines on the 767 AWACS compared to the 707/E3 AWACS allow the aircraft to carry a heavier payload, have a greater range and to fly higher.
Two electrical generators are fitted on each of the two engines, producing a total of 600kW.
